Mutations Flashcards

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What is a mutation?

A mutation is a random change in the order of bases in a DNA sequence, which can cause changes in the protein that the gene codes for.

What are the different types of mutations that can occur in DNA?

Insertion, deletion, substitution, inversion and duplication.

What is an insertion mutation?

An insertion mutation is a change in the DNA sequence caused by adding one or more bases into the sequence, which can affect nearby codons and alter the amino acids they code for.

What is a deletion mutation?

A deletion mutation is a change in the DNA sequence caused by removing one or more bases, which can change the groups of three bases and result in a different protein being synthesised.

What is the difference between coding and non-coding DNA?

Coding DNA contains sequences that code for proteins, while non-coding DNA includes regions that don’t code for amino acids but play roles in gene regulation and function, such as switching genes on and off.

How can a mutation in non-coding DNA affect a gene?

A mutation in non-coding DNA can affect gene expression by altering the way genes are switched on or off.

Revision Notes
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