The Understanding of Genetics Flashcards

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Who is regarded as the Father of Genetics and first showed how traits are passed from one generation to the next?

Gregor Mendel, an Austrian monk, is regarded as the Father of Genetics and first showed how traits are passed from one generation to the next.

What plant did Mendel use for his genetic experiments?

Mendel used the common garden pea for his genetic experiments.

What did Mendel discover about the inheritance of traits such as flower colour?

Mendel discovered that traits are not blended during inheritance and that specific inherited units (now known as genes) determine characteristics. He also found that traits could be dominant or recessive.

What is the difference between dominant and recessive alleles according to Mendel’s findings?

Dominant alleles are expressed if at least one copy is present (e.g., F for red flowers), while recessive alleles are only expressed if two copies are present (e.g., f for white flowers).

Why were Mendel’s findings initially overlooked by the scientific community?

Mendel’s findings were initially overlooked because scientists had not yet discovered DNA, genes, and chromosomes, so they did not realise the significance of his work.

How did scientists in the early 20th century rediscover and validate Mendel’s work?

Scientists in the early 20th century began studying the behaviour of chromosomes during cell division and observed that chromosomes behave similarly to Mendel’s hereditary units, leading to the understanding that genes are located on chromosomes.

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