Cell Types: Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes Flashcards

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What is the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Prokaryotes have no nucleus. Eukaryotes have a nucleus.

Give one example of a prokaryote and one of a eukaryote.

Prokaryote: a bacterium. Eukaryote: an animal or a plant cell.

Where is the DNA in a prokaryotic cell?

Free in the cytoplasm as one circular loop. Many also have small rings called plasmids.

Where is the DNA in a eukaryotic cell?

Inside the nucleus as linear chromosomes.

Which type of cell is usually larger? Give typical sizes.

Eukaryotic cells are larger. Prokaryotes are about 1–5 micrometres (μm). Eukaryotes are about 10–100 μm.

Do prokaryotes have mitochondria or chloroplasts?

No. Eukaryotic cells do.

What basic parts do all cells (prokaryote and eukaryote) share?

All have a cell membrane, cytoplasm, and ribosomes.

What are plasmids?

Small circular rings of DNA found in many bacteria.

How do cell walls differ between bacteria and plant cells?

Most bacteria have a cell wall that is not cellulose. Plant and algal cell walls are made of cellulose. Animal cells have no cell wall.

What do ribosomes do, and how do they compare in the two cell types?

Ribosomes make proteins. They are smaller in prokaryotes than in eukaryotes.

What features can help some bacteria move or protect themselves?

A flagellum helps them move. A slime capsule can protect them from drying out or chemicals.