Electrolysis Flashcards

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What is electrolysis?

Electrolysis is splitting an ionic compound using electricity.

Why must an ionic compound be molten or in solution for electrolysis?

Because the ions must be free to move and carry charge.

What is an electrolyte?

A liquid or solution that contains ions and conducts electricity.

Which electrode is negative in electrolysis, and which ions go to each electrode?

The cathode is negative. Positive cations go to the cathode. Negative anions go to the positive anode.

What type of reaction happens at each electrode?

Reduction at the cathode (gain electrons). Oxidation at the anode (lose electrons).

In electrolysis of a molten ionic compound, what forms at each electrode?

The metal forms at the cathode. The non-metal forms at the anode.

In aqueous solutions, what forms at the cathode?

If the metal is more reactive than hydrogen, hydrogen gas forms. If it is less reactive than hydrogen, the metal forms.

In aqueous solutions, what forms at the anode?

If there are halide ions (chloride, bromide, iodide), the halogen forms. If not, oxygen gas forms from hydroxide ions in water.

What is an inert electrode and why is it used?

It is an electrode that does not react with the electrolyte or the products (e.g. graphite or platinum). It helps give only the desired products.

Write the half equation for lead ions turning into lead at the cathode.

Pb2+ + 2e- -> Pb

Why is cryolite used when extracting aluminium by electrolysis?

It lowers the melting point of aluminium oxide, so less energy is needed.

Why do the carbon anodes need replacing in aluminium extraction?

Oxygen forms at the anode and reacts with the hot carbon to make carbon dioxide, so the anodes wear away.