Newton’s Laws of Motion Flashcards

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What does Newton's First Law say about an object when the resultant force is zero?

It stays at rest or moves at a constant velocity (same speed and direction).

What is meant by resultant force?

The single force that has the same effect as all the forces acting together.

What happens to an object when the resultant force is not zero?

It accelerates. It can speed up, slow down, or change direction.

State Newton's Second Law as an equation.

Resultant force = mass × acceleration (F = m a).

In F = m a, what are the units of force, mass, and acceleration?

Force in newtons (N), mass in kilograms (kg), acceleration in metres per second squared (m/s^2).

How do you calculate acceleration from force and mass?

Use a = F ÷ m.

A 600 kg car has a resultant force of 1200 N. What is its acceleration?

a = 1200 ÷ 600 = 2.0 m/s^2.

If the resultant force doubles on the same mass, what happens to the acceleration?

It doubles.

A 50 kg skateboarder accelerates at 0.8 m/s^2. What is the resultant force?

F = 50 × 0.8 = 40 N.

State Newton's Third Law.

When two objects interact, they exert equal and opposite forces on each other, on different objects.

Are the weight of a book and the normal contact force a Newton's Third Law pair?

No. They act on the same object. The pair to the book's weight is the book pulling Earth up.

What force drives a car forwards on a road?

Friction from the road on the tyres pushes the car forwards. The tyres push the road backwards.