Clinical Trials Flashcards

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  • Look through all the flashcards to see what's on both sides.
  • Make sure you understand the information on each card. If something's unclear, click the link to the revision notes at the bottom of the page for more details.

2️⃣ Test yourself:

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  • Use spaced repetition: spend more time on the cards you struggle with and go over them more often.
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Note: We may include questions that have multiple correct answers. It's useful to remember specific examples to understand these concepts better.

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What is a clinical trial?

A test of a new drug on people to check safety and how well it works.

In what order are people tested in a clinical trial?

First healthy volunteers, then small groups of patients, then large groups of patients.

Why are very low doses used at the start of clinical trials?

To check safety and side effects before the dose is raised.

What does efficacy mean in a trial?

How well the drug treats the illness.

What does toxicity mean in a trial?

How harmful the drug is to the body.

What is meant by the optimum dose?

The dose that gives the best effect with the fewest side effects.

What is a placebo?

A treatment with no active drug, used for comparison.

What is the placebo effect?

When someone feels better because they expect a treatment, not because it worked.

Why do some trials use a placebo?

To see if the new drug works better than no active treatment.

What does double-blind mean?

Neither patients nor doctors know who gets the drug or the placebo during the trial.

Why are trials double-blind?

To stop bias when giving, measuring, and judging results.

Why are trial results checked by peer review before being published?

Other scientists check the study to spot errors or false claims.