Sexual and Asexual Reproduction Flashcards

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What is sexual reproduction?

It is when a male and a female gamete join (fertilise). It makes offspring that are genetically different.

What is asexual reproduction?

Reproduction with one parent only. There is no fusion of gametes, so offspring are clones (genetically identical).

What are the male and female gametes in animals and in flowering plants?

Animals: sperm and egg cells. Flowering plants: pollen and egg cells.

What does fertilisation mean?

The joining of a male and a female gamete to form a fertilised egg (zygote).

Which type of cell division makes gametes?

Meiosis. It halves the chromosome number and makes genetically different gametes.

Which type of cell division is used in asexual reproduction?

Mitosis. It makes genetically identical cells for growth or cloning.

Why does sexual reproduction produce variation in offspring?

Because gametes are all different and two parents' genes mix at fertilisation.

Give one advantage of sexual reproduction.

It produces variation, so some offspring may survive changes or disease.

Give one advantage of asexual reproduction.

Only one parent is needed, so it is faster and many offspring can be made quickly.

Give one disadvantage of sexual reproduction.

It takes more time and energy, and parents must find a mate.

Give one disadvantage of asexual reproduction.

There is little or no variation, so a disease or change may kill them all.

Name one organism that can reproduce both sexually and asexually and state how.

Strawberry plants: sexually by seeds (flowers) and asexually by runners.