Enzymes Flashcards

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What is an enzyme?

An enzyme is a biological catalyst. It speeds up reactions without being used up.

It is the part of the enzyme that the substrate binds to. It has a specific shape.

It shows that only the correct substrate fits the enzyme's active site, like a key in a lock.

The molecule that an enzyme acts on.

As temperature rises, the rate increases. It reaches an optimum near 37°C for many human enzymes.

They denature. The active site changes shape so the substrate no longer fits.

Each enzyme has an optimum pH. Too high or too low pH can denature it.

Amylase breaks starch into sugars, such as maltose.

Proteases break proteins into amino acids.

Lipases break lipids (fats) into glycerol and fatty acids.

A higher substrate concentration increases the rate. It then levels off when all active sites are full.

Rate = 1 / time. Use seconds for time.