Hoover’s Responses to the Depression Flashcards

What idea called "rugged individualism" guided Hoover’s response to the Depression?

That people and local groups should help themselves, not rely on federal aid.

What did Hoover ask firms to do under his policy of voluntarism?

Keep wages and jobs and work with charities and local government on relief.

Which big public works scheme did Hoover back to create jobs?

The Hoover (Boulder) Dam on the Colorado River.

What was the Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC) set up to do in 1932?

Lend emergency money to banks, railways and big companies to stop collapse.

Why did many criticise the RFC?

It helped banks and businesses but gave little direct help to the unemployed.

What did the Emergency Relief and Construction Act (1932) do?

Allowed federal loans to states for relief and funded more public works.

What did the Smoot–Hawley Tariff Act (1930) do, and what happened after?

It raised import taxes; other countries hit back and world trade fell.

What was the National Credit Corporation (1931)?

A voluntary fund where big banks helped smaller banks to stop failures.

How did the Federal Farm Board try to support farmers?

It bought surplus crops and backed co-ops to hold prices up, but it was not enough.

What was the aim of the Federal Home Loan Bank Act (1932)?

To give lenders cheaper funds for mortgages and cut home and farm repossessions.

What was the Hoover Moratorium of 1931?

A one-year pause on war debts and reparations to ease the world crisis.

How did Hoover respond to the Bonus Army marchers in 1932?

He refused early payment and used the army to clear their camps, hurting his popularity.

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