Causes of Conflict on the Plains Flashcards

How did 'Manifest Destiny' cause conflict on the Plains?

It said Americans should settle the West. Settlers moved onto Indian land, which led to clashes.

How did the California Gold Rush of 1849 increase conflict on the Plains?

Thousands crossed the Plains to reach gold. They crossed hunting grounds in huge numbers, leading to fights over land, food and water.

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Why did the Oregon and other wagon trails lead to tension with Plains Indians?

Trails cut across hunting lands and water sources. Passing wagons scared buffalo and used up grass and wood.

What was the Bozeman Trail, and why did it cause conflict?

A shortcut to Montana goldfields opened in 1863. It ran through Sioux hunting grounds and had new forts, breaking promises.

How did railroad building cause conflict on the Plains?

Tracks and towns cut up hunting grounds. Trains brought settlers and buffalo hunters who harmed the herds.

Why did the decline of the buffalo lead to fighting?

Buffalo were vital for food, clothes and homes. As herds fell, many Plains Indians starved and fought to protect them.

How did the Homestead Act (1862) add to conflict?

It gave cheap farm land to settlers on the Plains. Farms and fences took land used by tribes and blocked their seasonal journeys.

How did reservations and late annuity payments cause conflict?

Tribes were forced onto smaller lands and relied on rations. When money and food were late or stolen, hunger led to raids.

Why did the discovery of gold in the Black Hills (1874) spark conflict?

The area was promised to the Sioux in 1868. Miners poured in, breaking the treaty, and war followed.

How did cattle trails and the long drive create tension?

Cowboys drove cattle across Indian lands. Cattle ate the grass, scared game and spread disease, so fights broke out.

Why did different views on land ownership cause conflict?

Plains Indians believed land was shared. Settlers wanted private, fenced farms, which led to disputes.

How did US Army forts and patrols increase conflict on the Plains?

Forts were built on or near Indian lands to protect routes. Their presence was seen as a threat, leading to attacks and revenge.

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