Economic Strain under War Communism Flashcards

What was War Communism?

An emergency system used by the Bolsheviks (1918–21) to run the economy for the Civil War.

Why did the government seize grain from peasants?

To feed the Red Army and towns. It cut incentives, so farm output fell.

What did rationing mean under War Communism?

Food went first to soldiers and key workers. Many others got little and went hungry.

What happened to industry under nationalisation?

The state took over banks and factories. Output fell due to poor planning and shortages.

Why did money lose value under War Communism?

Prices rose fast and money became almost worthless. People were paid in goods or used barter.

What happened to private trade?

It was banned. A black market grew as people traded secretly to survive.

By 1921, how far had industrial output fallen?

It had dropped to about one fifth of 1913 levels.

How were workers controlled under War Communism?

Work was compulsory with strict rules. This tried to keep workers at their jobs.

What happened to city populations during War Communism?

Many workers left for the countryside to find food. Cities like Petrograd shrank sharply.

What problems hit transport and supplies?

Railways broke down. Fuel and raw materials could not reach factories.

How did War Communism add to the 1921 famine?

Grain seizures and drought left little food. About five million people died.

Why did many peasants resist War Communism?

They hated grain seizures and the trade ban. Some sowed less and hid food.

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