Colonial Competition and Crises Flashcards

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What is meant by colonial competition before the First World War?

Colonial competition was when European powers raced to gain overseas land and colonies. They wanted more land than their rivals to show their strength.

Why were colonies important to European powers like Britain and Germany?

Colonies provided raw materials, new markets to sell goods, and cheap labour. They also gave countries prestige and made them look powerful.

Why did colonial competition cause tension between Britain and Germany?

Britain already had a large empire, while Germany wanted more colonies. Germany’s efforts to expand overseas made Britain feel its empire and trade were being threatened.

What was the Kruger Telegram (1896)?

The Kruger Telegram was a message from Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany to President Kruger of the Transvaal. He congratulated Kruger for resisting British influence, which angered many people in Britain.

How did the Kruger Telegram affect relations between Britain and Germany?

The telegram made the British public hostile towards Germany. It increased mistrust and helped turn Britain away from friendly relations with Germany.

What was agreed about colonies in the Entente Cordiale (1904)?

Britain and France agreed to settle their colonial disputes. Britain accepted French influence in Morocco, and France accepted British control in Egypt.

What was the First Moroccan Crisis (1905–1906)?

In 1905, the Kaiser visited Tangier in Morocco and said he supported Morocco’s independence. This challenged French influence there and tested the Entente Cordiale.

How did the First Moroccan Crisis change relations between the great powers?

At the Algeciras Conference, most countries backed France, not Germany. This left Germany feeling isolated and pushed Britain and France closer together.

What was the Second Moroccan Crisis, also called the Agadir Crisis (1911)?

In 1911, Germany sent a gunboat, the Panther, to the Moroccan port of Agadir. Germany said it was protecting its interests, but it looked like a threat to France and Britain.

Why did the Agadir Crisis increase the risk of war in Europe?

Britain feared Germany wanted a naval base at Agadir, which might threaten British trade routes. The crisis ended without war, but Germany felt humiliated, and Britain and France became even more united against Germany.

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