Serbia, Nationalism and Austria-Hungary Flashcards

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What is nationalism?

Nationalism is the belief that people who share a nation, language or culture should rule themselves.

They wanted to unite all Serbs, and often all South Slavs, into one large Serbian-led country.

Serbia was one of the strongest Balkan states and was growing in size and confidence, which worried its neighbours.

Austria-Hungary was a large empire in central Europe made up of many different national groups, such as Germans, Hungarians, Czechs and Slavs.

Many different peoples in the empire wanted their own nations, so nationalism threatened to break the empire apart.

Serbia encouraged Slavs inside Austria-Hungary to want independence, which could weaken and split the empire.

Austria-Hungary took over (annexed) Bosnia. Serbia was angry because many Serbs lived there and Russia, Serbia’s ally, backed down.

Serbia believed Bosnia, with many Serbs, should join Serbia, not stay under Austrian rule.

Serbia grew larger and stronger after the wars, which made Austria-Hungary even more worried about Serbian power.

Russia saw itself as the protector of the Slavs and often backed Serbia, which made Serbia bolder against Austria-Hungary.

It was a secret Serbian nationalist group that used violence and wanted to free Slavs from Austrian rule and unite them with Serbia.

Bosnia had many Slavs, including Serbs, so Serbia wanted it for a Greater Serbia, while Austria-Hungary wanted it to control the Balkans.