The Ludendorff Spring Offensive, 1918 Flashcards

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What was the Ludendorff Spring Offensive of 1918?

It was Germany’s last large attack on the Western Front in the First World War.

Who planned the Ludendorff Spring Offensive?

General Erich Ludendorff, a top German commander, planned and led the offensive.

When did the Ludendorff Spring Offensive begin?

It began on 21 March 1918 and continued with several attacks into the summer.

What was the main aim of the Ludendorff Spring Offensive?

Its main aim was to break the stalemate and split the British and French armies. Germany hoped to win the war before large numbers of American soldiers arrived.

Why could Germany move more soldiers to the Western Front in early 1918?

Russia had left the war. This freed many German troops on the Eastern Front to move west.

Where did the first attack of the Ludendorff Spring Offensive take place?

The first attack, called Operation Michael, hit British lines on the River Somme.

How did the Ludendorff Spring Offensive begin on 21 March 1918?

It began with a huge artillery and gas bombardment of Allied trenches. Fast-moving German infantry then rushed forward to attack.

How far did German forces advance in the early stages of the Ludendorff Spring Offensive?

They pushed the Allies back up to about 60 kilometres in some areas. This was the biggest movement on the Western Front since 1914.

How did the early success of the Ludendorff Spring Offensive affect German morale?

German morale rose sharply at first. Many soldiers believed the offensive might finally bring victory.

Why is the Ludendorff Spring Offensive important in the story of the First World War?

It was Germany’s final attempt to win the war on the Western Front. Its results helped lead to later Allied counter-attacks and the end of the war.