Weaknesses of the Wider Peace Settlement Flashcards

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What is meant by the "wider peace settlement" after the First World War?

It was the set of peace treaties made from 1919 to 1923. These included Versailles with Germany and other treaties with Austria, Hungary, Bulgaria and Turkey.

Why was it a weakness that defeated countries were not allowed to take part in the peace talks?

Germany and the other losers felt the treaties were forced on them. They saw them as unfair and were more likely to try to overturn them later.

How did harsh terms for defeated countries weaken the peace settlement?

The treaties took land, money and weapons from the losers. This caused anger and shame, so many people in those countries wanted to undo the treaties.

Why did some people think the peace settlement was also too lenient on Germany?

Germany kept much of its population and industry and stayed the strongest state in central Europe. Some, especially in France, felt this did not weaken Germany enough to stop future war.

How did the way self-determination was used create a weakness in the peace settlement?

Some peoples got their own states, but many groups were left as minorities in new countries. For example, many Germans lived in Poland and Czechoslovakia, which led to tension.

Why was unequal disarmament a weakness of the peace settlement?

Defeated countries had to cut their armed forces sharply, but the victors kept large armies and navies. This seemed unfair and made the losers feel unsafe and angry.

How did the new borders in eastern and central Europe weaken the chances of lasting peace?

The borders were often rushed and did not match where people actually lived. This caused many disputes between new and old states over land and national groups.

Why was relying on the League of Nations to enforce the treaties a weakness?

The League had no army of its own and the USA did not join. Without strong backing from the big powers, it struggled to stop countries from breaking the treaties.

How did the economic terms of the peace treaties threaten peace?

Reparations and loss of land hurt the economies of defeated states. Hardship and unemployment helped extreme parties grow, who promised to scrap the treaties.

What did the replacement of the Treaty of Sèvres with the Treaty of Lausanne show about the peace settlement?

Turkey used force to win better terms and the Allies gave in. This showed that the peace settlement could be changed by violence, which encouraged other states to challenge it.

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