The Legacy of the Iran–Iraq War Flashcards

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In which years did the Iran–Iraq War take place, and how long did it last?

The Iran–Iraq War lasted from 1980 to 1988, about eight years.

Around one million people were killed or wounded in the Iran–Iraq War.

Iraq was left almost bankrupt. It had huge war debts, especially to Kuwait and Saudi Arabia.

The debts made Saddam feel desperate for money. This helped push him towards invading Kuwait in 1990 to gain wealth and oil.

Iran's Islamic government survived the war, which increased its power and support, but the country was left poorer and more isolated.

Many cities, oil fields and roads were destroyed. Millions lost their homes and became refugees, and large areas were left with landmines.

Iraq used poison gas on Iranian troops and Kurdish civilians, such as at Halabja in 1988, causing lasting health problems, fear and anger.

Both countries were left weaker in soldiers, money and equipment, so neither could clearly dominate the Gulf.

They wanted to protect oil shipping routes and friendly Gulf states. Their lasting presence became another cause of tension in the region.

Many soldiers came home disabled or traumatised. Families faced loss, poverty and ruined towns, leading to long-term social problems.