The Situation in Iraq by the End of the Bush Presidency Flashcards

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By the end of George W. Bush’s presidency in early 2009, had violence in Iraq increased or decreased compared with 2006?

It had decreased a lot, but bombings and attacks still happened often.

Why was everyday security in Iraq a bit better by the end of the Bush presidency?

Because the US troop surge and help from local Sunni fighters cut back al‑Qaeda attacks and reduced some militia violence.

Who led the Iraqi government by the end of the Bush presidency, and what type of government was it meant to be?

Prime Minister Nouri al‑Maliki led a Shia‑dominated elected government that was meant to be a democracy.

Name one major political problem the Iraqi government still faced by the end of the Bush presidency.

Many Sunnis felt shut out of power and there was still a lot of corruption in government.

Were US troops still in Iraq at the end of the Bush presidency, and in about what numbers?

Yes. Around 140,000 US soldiers were still in Iraq, even though some areas had been handed to Iraqi control.

What did the 2008 Status of Forces Agreement (SOFA) between the USA and Iraq say about US troops?

It set a timetable for US combat troops to leave Iraqi cities by mid‑2009 and to leave Iraq completely by the end of 2011.

By the end of the Bush presidency, what role were Iraqi army and police forces starting to take?

They were taking more responsibility for security, running many checkpoints and patrols instead of US troops.

Give one way in which ordinary Iraqis were still suffering by the end of the Bush presidency.

Many people still lacked steady electricity or clean water, and millions were refugees or living away from their homes.

By the end of the Bush presidency, had al‑Qaeda in Iraq and the big militias been fully defeated?

No. They were weaker and less active, but they still carried out attacks and could grow again if security got worse.

How could the situation in Iraq at the end of the Bush presidency best be described?

It was improved but fragile: large‑scale civil war had eased, but politics, services and security were still very weak.

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