The Shifts in US Influence and Reactions in the Arab World Flashcards

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After the 1990–91 Gulf War, how did US influence in the Gulf region change?

It grew a lot. The USA became the main outside power and built many new bases.

Why did many Arab governments accept or welcome a stronger US presence after the Gulf War?

They wanted protection from Iraq and Iran. They also hoped for US money, weapons and debt relief.

Why did some Muslims oppose US troops staying in Saudi Arabia after the Gulf War?

Saudi Arabia holds Islam’s two holy cities. Many Muslims hated foreign soldiers on this land and saw it as an insult.

How did many Iraqis feel about the USA after the Gulf War?

Many Iraqis blamed the USA for bombing their country. They also blamed it for UN sanctions, which caused great hardship.

How was the Palestine Liberation Organisation (PLO) and the Palestinian people affected by the war and US role?

The PLO had backed Saddam Hussein, so Gulf states cut its money and jobs. Many Palestinians now saw the USA as unfriendly, even though it later led peace talks.

What were sanctions on Iraq, and why did many Arabs criticise the US role in them?

Sanctions are trade bans. Many Arabs thought US‑backed sanctions on Iraq were cruel and killed children, while Israel was not punished in the same way.

What did the Gulf War show about US power compared to the Soviet Union in the Gulf?

The war showed that only the USA could lead a large, high‑tech army. The Soviet Union was weak, so US power in the Gulf went almost unchallenged.

How did Syria benefit from joining the US‑led coalition against Iraq?

Syria joined the US‑led coalition against Iraq. In return it improved ties with the USA and gained more influence in nearby Lebanon.

How did US actions after the Gulf War help groups like al‑Qaeda gain support?

Groups like al‑Qaeda used anger at US bases in Saudi Arabia. They also used anger at sanctions on Iraq and US support for Israel to recruit followers.

What is meant by calling the USA a ‘world policeman’ after the Gulf War, and how did many Arabs react?

It means the USA tried to enforce world rules using its power. Some Arabs liked the extra security, but many others saw it as bossy interference.

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