The Roles of Nixon and Kissinger in the Settlement Flashcards

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Who was Richard Nixon and what role did he play in ending US fighting in Vietnam?

Richard Nixon was the US President from 1969. He set the main goals and plans for how the USA would leave Vietnam and pushed for a peace deal.

Who was Henry Kissinger and what was his job in the Vietnam peace process?

Henry Kissinger was Nixon's main foreign policy adviser. He led many of the talks with North Vietnam and helped write the peace terms.

What did Nixon mean by "peace with honour" in Vietnam?

Nixon wanted to stop US fighting without looking weak. "Peace with honour" meant a deal that let America withdraw but still seem strong and loyal to South Vietnam.

What was Vietnamisation and how did Nixon use it to move towards a settlement?

Vietnamisation was Nixon's plan to train and equip South Vietnamese forces to take over the fighting. This let him pull out US troops while he looked for a peace agreement.

How did Nixon and Kissinger use better relations with China and the USSR to pressure North Vietnam?

They improved ties with China and the USSR. They hoped these countries would press North Vietnam to agree to peace; this link was called "linkage".

What were the secret peace talks that Kissinger held in Paris?

From 1969, Kissinger met North Vietnamese leader Le Duc Tho in secret in Paris. In these talks they discussed a ceasefire, US withdrawal and the future government of South Vietnam.

What key points did Kissinger and Le Duc Tho agree on in October 1972?

They agreed on a ceasefire, withdrawal of US forces and the return of prisoners of war. North Vietnamese troops could stay in the South, and there would be talks on a new government.

Why did South Vietnamese President Thieu reject the 1972 draft peace deal, and how did Nixon react?

Thieu feared the deal was too weak and would let the Communists take over. Nixon tried to make him accept by threatening to cut aid but also promised more help if he signed.

What was the 1972 "Christmas Bombing" and why did Nixon order it?

In December 1972 Nixon ordered heavy bombing of Hanoi and Haiphong, called the "Christmas Bombing". He wanted to push North Vietnam back to the talks and show Thieu that the USA still backed South Vietnam.

How did pressure from US public opinion and Congress affect Nixon's role in the settlement?

Large protests, deaths and costs made the war unpopular in the USA. Nixon knew he had to get a peace deal to keep support at home and to stop Congress cutting war money.

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