The Gallipoli Campaign, 1915–16 Flashcards

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Where is Gallipoli?

Gallipoli is a long, narrow peninsula in north-west Turkey, next to the Dardanelles Strait.

What was the main aim of the Gallipoli Campaign in 1915?

The Allies wanted to capture the Dardanelles so they could attack the Ottoman Empire and open a sea route to supply Russia.

Which Allied troops took part in the landings at Gallipoli?

British and French troops took part, along with ANZAC forces from Australia and New Zealand, and soldiers from other parts of the British Empire.

Who was the British leader most linked to the idea of the Gallipoli Campaign?

Winston Churchill, the First Lord of the Admiralty, strongly backed the plan for an attack at Gallipoli.

What happened in the naval attack on the Dardanelles in March 1915?

Allied warships tried to force their way through the Dardanelles but hit mines, lost several ships, and failed to break through, so a land invasion was planned instead.

When did the main Allied landings at Gallipoli take place?

The main landings took place on 25 April 1915 at places such as Cape Helles and Anzac Cove.

Who played a key role in leading the Ottoman defence at Gallipoli?

Mustafa Kemal, later known as Atatürk, led Ottoman troops and helped stop the Allied attacks on the peninsula.

What were conditions like for soldiers fighting at Gallipoli?

Fighting turned into trench warfare, with steep ground, heat, flies, poor water, and many deaths from disease as well as from combat.

Give two reasons why the Gallipoli Campaign failed.

The Allies faced strong Ottoman defences and steep, rough ground, and suffered from poor planning, supply problems, and heavy losses from mines, guns, and disease.

How and when did the Gallipoli Campaign end?

The Allies decided to withdraw and carried out a secret evacuation between December 1915 and January 1916, leaving the peninsula to the Ottomans.

Name one important result of the failure at Gallipoli.

The Allies failed to knock the Ottoman Empire out of the war, Winston Churchill lost his job at the Admiralty, and the battle became a key part of ANZAC national identity.

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