Korea Under Japanese Rule and Korean Nationalism Flashcards

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When did Japan turn Korea into a colony?

Japan made Korea a colony in 1910. This is called the annexation of Korea.

Why did Japan want control over Korea?

Japan wanted Korea to give it land, raw materials and power. It saw Korea as a key part of its growing empire in Asia.

How did Japanese rule affect Korean farmers and the land?

Many Korean farmers lost their land to Japanese owners. They often had to pay high rents and grow crops, like rice, to send to Japan.

How did Japan try to control Korean culture and language?

Japanese rulers banned Korean in many schools, pushed people to use Japanese names and closed many Korean newspapers and organisations.

What is meant by Korean nationalism?

Korean nationalism is the belief that Korea should be an independent nation, ruled by Koreans and free from foreign control.

What was the March First Movement in 1919?

It was a huge, mostly peaceful protest on 1 March 1919. Koreans marched, read out a Declaration of Independence and called for freedom from Japan.

How did Japan respond to the March First Movement?

Japan used troops and police to crush the protests. Thousands of Koreans were killed and many more were arrested or beaten.

What was the Provisional Government of Korea set up in 1919?

It was a Korean government-in-exile based in Shanghai. It claimed to speak for an independent Korea and tried to win foreign support and organise resistance.

Who was Syngman Rhee during the time of Japanese rule?

Syngman Rhee was a Korean nationalist leader. He was active in the Provisional Government and argued strongly for an independent, non-communist Korea.

How did Kim Il Sung first fight against Japanese rule?

As a young man in the 1930s, Kim Il Sung led guerrilla groups. They attacked Japanese forces in Manchuria and in northern parts of Korea.

How did life for ordinary Koreans change in the 1930s and during the Second World War?

Japan stepped up control. Many Koreans were forced to work in mines and factories or to join the Japanese army. Some women were forced to serve soldiers, which caused deep anger.

How did Japanese rule affect Korean nationalism by 1945?

By 1945, most Koreans hated Japanese rule and wanted freedom. Nationalist groups were strong but were split between communists and non-communists, which later caused tension.

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