Abyssinian Crisis, 1935–36 Flashcards

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What was the Abyssinian Crisis of 1935–36?

It was when Italy invaded Abyssinia (now Ethiopia) and the League of Nations failed to stop it.

Where was Abyssinia?

Abyssinia was an independent country in East Africa. Today it is called Ethiopia.

Give two reasons why Mussolini wanted to invade Abyssinia.

He wanted to build an empire in Africa and get revenge for Italy's defeat there in 1896.

What happened at Wal Wal Oasis in 1934?

Italian and Abyssinian soldiers clashed at Wal Wal Oasis. Italy used this small fight as an excuse to plan an invasion.

What did Emperor Haile Selassie do when Italy threatened Abyssinia?

He appealed to the League of Nations in January 1935 and asked it to stop Italy's aggression.

How did the League of Nations first respond to Italy's invasion of Abyssinia?

The League took many months to investigate. Its report said Italy was mostly to blame but still suggested giving Italy some Abyssinian land.

What are sanctions, and what sanctions did the League put on Italy?

Sanctions are trade bans used to punish a country. The League banned arms, loans and some raw materials to Italy, but not oil.

Why did Britain and France not close the Suez Canal to Italian ships?

They feared that closing the canal would start a war with Italy and push Mussolini towards Hitler, so they kept it open.

What was the Hoare–Laval Pact of 1935?

It was a secret British and French plan to give most of Abyssinia to Italy in return for peace. When newspapers revealed it, people were angry and the plan was dropped.

What was the outcome of the Abyssinian Crisis by May 1936?

By May 1936 Italy had conquered the whole of Abyssinia and joined it to its African colonies. Emperor Haile Selassie fled into exile.

How did the Abyssinian Crisis damage the League of Nations?

It showed that powerful members would not risk war or trade to defend a small country. Many people lost faith in the League and in collective security.

How did the Abyssinian Crisis affect relations between Italy and Germany?

Mussolini turned away from Britain and France and moved closer to Hitler. In 1936 Italy and Germany formed the Rome–Berlin Axis, and Italy later left the League.