Rule Without Parliament After 1681 Flashcards

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In which years did Charles II rule without calling Parliament?

From 1681 until his death in 1685, Charles II ruled without calling another Parliament.

What event in 1681 led Charles II to begin ruling without Parliament?

In March 1681 Charles II dissolved the Oxford Parliament during the Exclusion Crisis and chose not to call a new one.

Why did the Exclusion Crisis make Charles II distrust Parliament after 1681?

Many MPs, led by the Whigs, tried to pass laws to stop his Catholic brother James from becoming king, so Charles saw Parliament as a threat to his family and power.

How did French money help Charles II rule without Parliament?

Charles II made secret deals with Louis XIV of France. In return for support, he got money so he did not need Parliament to vote him taxes.

Which regular taxes gave Charles II an income during his rule without Parliament?

Customs duties on trade and excise taxes on goods had been granted to him for life, so they gave him a steady income in the 1680s.

How did Charles II use the law courts to weaken Whig power in towns after 1681?

He used "quo warranto" cases to challenge town charters. If a town lost, he could replace its council with loyal Tories.

What was the Rye House Plot of 1683?

It was a plan by some opponents to kill Charles II and his brother James as they returned from Newmarket. The plot failed and was uncovered.

How did Charles II use the Rye House Plot to crush his opponents?

He arrested leading Whigs, such as Lord Russell and Algernon Sidney, and had some tried and executed for treason.

How did rule without Parliament affect the Church of England and dissenters?

Charles II backed the Church of England and punished Protestant dissenters more strictly, for example by enforcing old laws against them.

By 1685, how had Charles II’s rule without Parliament changed the balance of power?

The monarchy was stronger, Whigs and dissenters were weaker, and new town charters meant any future Parliament was likely to have more loyal Tory MPs.