England in 1272: Society, Economy and Local Power Flashcards

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In 1272, what was the feudal system in England?

It was the way land and power were organised. The king gave land to nobles, who gave land to knights, in return for loyalty and military service.

Who were the main social groups in England in 1272?

The king, great nobles, knights, the Church and peasants. Peasants included both free peasants and villeins (serfs).

What was a manor in medieval England?

A manor was an area of land run by a lord. It included the lord’s house, village fields, woodland and peasant homes.

What was a villein (serf) and what did they owe their lord?

A villein was an unfree peasant tied to a lord’s manor. They had to work on the lord’s land for several days a week and pay rents in crops or labour.

How were free peasants different from villeins in 1272?

Free peasants paid money rent for their land and could move if they wished. Villeins could not leave the manor or marry without the lord’s permission.

What was the open-field system of farming?

Village land was split into large open fields. Each peasant had strips in different fields and followed the same farming rules as the rest of the village.

Why was wool important to England’s economy in 1272?

Sheep farming produced fine wool. English wool was sold to cloth makers in towns and abroad, bringing in a lot of money.

What role did towns play in the economy of England in 1272?

Towns were centres for trade and craft work. They held markets and fairs where people bought and sold goods.

What did a sheriff do in a county (shire) in 1272?

The sheriff was the king’s main local official. He collected royal income, ran shire courts and made sure the king’s orders were carried out.

What were shire and hundred courts used for in medieval England?

They were local law courts. They dealt with crimes, land disputes and the raising of taxes or soldiers for the king.

How did the Church hold local power in England in 1272?

The Church owned much land and many buildings. Priests and bishops influenced people’s lives and ran church courts for churchmen.

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