Hawkins and Drake Take England to Sea Flashcards

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Who was John Hawkins?

John Hawkins was an English sailor and trader. He led early English voyages to West Africa and the Caribbean.

In 1562 he began England's slave trade. He took enslaved Africans to sell in Spanish colonies in the Americas.

English goods went to Africa. Enslaved Africans went to the Americas. Sugar and other goods then came back to England.

She wanted profit and new trade. She also hoped to weaken Spain, while pretending she was not involved.

He broke Spanish laws by trading with their colonies. He also attacked Spanish ships and sold enslaved people without permission.

The Spanish attacked his ships in the harbour. Most English ships were lost and many sailors were killed.

It made both countries angry and suspicious. It pushed England and Spain closer to open war at sea.

Francis Drake was Hawkins's younger cousin. He sailed with Hawkins and escaped with him from San Juan de Ulúa.

A privateer is a sailor allowed by their ruler to attack enemy ships. Hawkins and Drake raided Spanish ships this way.

He became Treasurer of the Navy. He helped design faster, stronger ships that later fought against the Spanish Armada.

They proved English ships could cross oceans, trade and raid far away, and challenge Spain's control of the seas.