The Costs of Conquest and Its Impact on Wales Flashcards

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What happened to Welsh independence after Edward I conquered Wales?

Wales lost its independence and came under the direct rule of the English king.

How did Edward I raise money to pay for the conquest of Wales?

He taxed his subjects heavily, borrowed large sums of money and increased customs duties on trade, such as wool.

Why did Edward I's castles in Wales cost so much to build?

They were huge stone fortresses that needed skilled masons, many labourers and costly materials carried long distances.

How big were the costs of Edward I's Welsh wars and castles compared with his yearly income?

They ran into tens of thousands of pounds and together cost more than his income for a single year.

How did the conquest change who owned land in Wales?

Many Welsh lords lost land, which Edward gave to English nobles, soldiers and royal officials who had supported him.

How did new English towns in Wales affect Welsh people?

The towns brought trade and jobs mainly for English settlers, while many Welsh were kept outside the walls and denied full town rights.

What new burdens did many ordinary Welsh people face after the conquest?

They had to pay new rents and taxes, live under many English laws and sometimes do unpaid labour on roads or castles.

What was the revolt led by Madog ap Llywelyn in 1294–95 a reaction to?

It was a reaction to harsh English rule in Wales, including heavy taxes, loss of land and unfair treatment of the Welsh.

How did the building of castles and towns both help and harm the Welsh economy?

They gave some paid work and new markets, but also raised taxes, took good land and drew wealth into the hands of English lords.

How did the cost of conquering and ruling Wales affect Edward I's rule in England?

It forced him to ask Parliament for more taxes, which caused anger and led to clashes with some English barons.

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