William Wallace and Scottish Resistance Flashcards

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Who was William Wallace?

He was a minor Scottish noble who became a key leader of resistance to Edward I.

Why were many Scots angry with Edward I by 1297?

Edward taxed Scotland, took its king’s power and demanded Scottish troops for his wars.

How did William Wallace first show resistance to English rule?

He led attacks on English officials and garrisons, such as the sheriff at Lanark.

When and where was the Battle of Stirling Bridge?

It took place near Stirling on 11 September 1297.

How did Wallace and the Scots win at Stirling Bridge?

They let part of the English army cross the narrow bridge. Then they attacked and trapped them.

What title was given to Wallace after the victory at Stirling Bridge?

He was made Guardian of Scotland, ruling in King John Balliol’s name.

What happened at the Battle of Falkirk in 1298?

Edward I defeated Wallace’s army, breaking many of the Scottish shield wall circles, called schiltrons.

How did Edward I’s tactics help him defeat Wallace at Falkirk?

He used longbow archers to cut down the Scots. Then he sent in cavalry to finish them.

What did Wallace do after his defeat at Falkirk?

He gave up being Guardian and carried on resistance using raids and hit-and-run attacks.

How and why was William Wallace executed in 1305?

He was captured and tried in London for treason. He was then hanged, drawn and quartered as a warning to others.

How did Wallace’s life and death help Scottish resistance continue?

He became a symbol of Scottish freedom, inspiring others like Robert Bruce to keep fighting.