The Impact of Civil War and the Commonwealth Flashcards

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What was the English Civil War?

It was a war from 1642 to 1651 between Charles I and Parliament over how England should be ruled.

What happened to Charles I in 1649 and why did it shock people?

He was put on trial and executed by his own subjects, which shocked many who believed a king ruled by God.

What new type of government was set up after Charles I was executed?

The monarchy and House of Lords were abolished and England became a republic called the Commonwealth.

How did the Civil War and Commonwealth change the power of Parliament?

Parliament ruled without a king, but constant quarrels and changes made many people feel it was weak and unstable.

What was the New Model Army and why was it important?

It was Parliament’s professional army, and it became so strong that it could close parliaments and control politics.

Who was Oliver Cromwell and what role did he play after the Civil War?

He was the leading general of the New Model Army and later ruled as Lord Protector, acting like a king without the title.

How did Cromwell’s rule affect everyday life and culture?

Under strict Puritan rules many theatres closed, some sports and entertainments were banned, and Sundays became very controlled.

What were the Major-Generals and why were they unpopular?

They were army officers who ruled different regions, enforced Puritan laws and raised taxes, which made people fear military rule.

How did religion change under the Commonwealth?

There was more freedom for different Protestant groups, but radical sects grew and Catholics still faced harsh limits and dislike.

By 1660, how had the Civil War and Commonwealth affected people’s views about government?

Many were tired of war, strict rule and army power, so they wanted a king back, but one who worked with Parliament.

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