The Succession Issue and Fears About James Flashcards

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In a monarchy, what does the word 'succession' mean?

Succession means the order in which people are meant to inherit the throne.

Why did Charles II have a problem with the royal succession?

Charles II and his wife Catherine had no surviving children. This meant his brother James was next in line.

Who was James, Duke of York, in relation to Charles II?

James, Duke of York, was Charles II's younger brother and heir to the throne.

Why did many people in England fear James becoming king?

James was a Catholic, but most people in England were Protestant. They worried a Catholic king might favour Catholics and change their church.

What was the Test Act of 1673 and how did it reveal James's religion?

The Test Act said officials must take Anglican communion and reject Catholic beliefs. James refused to do this and gave up his job, showing he was Catholic.

What was the Popish Plot of 1678?

The Popish Plot was a false story that Catholics planned to kill Charles II. It increased fear and hatred of Catholics and of James.

What was the Exclusion Crisis (1679–1681)?

The Exclusion Crisis was a political struggle over whether James should be barred from the throne. Some MPs tried to pass an Exclusion Bill to stop him becoming king.

What did the Whigs want during the Exclusion Crisis?

The Whigs were MPs who supported excluding James from the succession. Many wanted a Protestant such as Charles II's illegitimate son, the Duke of Monmouth, to be king instead.

What did the Tories believe about who should inherit the throne?

The Tories believed in the king's lawful, hereditary right to rule. They thought James should inherit the throne, even though he was Catholic.

How did Charles II stop Parliament from excluding James from the throne?

Charles II dissolved Parliament several times to block the Exclusion Bill. In 1681 he ruled without Parliament, so James stayed as his heir.