Post-1945 Rebuilding and European Cooperation Flashcards

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What damage did the Second World War cause in Britain and Europe by 1945?

Many cities were bombed and factories, roads and railways were ruined. Millions of people were homeless and economies were very weak.

What was Marshall Aid (the Marshall Plan) after 1945?

It was money and goods given by the USA to Western European countries. It helped them rebuild their industries and homes after the war.

How did Marshall Aid help Britain after 1945?

Britain used Marshall Aid to buy food, fuel and machines. This helped British factories restart and raised living standards.

What was the Organisation for European Economic Co-operation (OEEC) set up to do?

It shared out Marshall Aid between countries in Western Europe. It also encouraged them to work together to plan their economic recovery.

Why did many European leaders want closer cooperation after 1945?

They wanted to stop another war like the one with Nazi Germany. They also hoped that working together would rebuild trade and make Europe stronger in the Cold War.

What is the Council of Europe, created in 1949?

It is a group of European countries, including Britain, that work together to support democracy and human rights. It was one of the first steps in post-war European cooperation.

What is the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR)?

It is an agreement made in 1950 by the Council of Europe. It set out basic rights, such as the right to a fair trial, which governments promised to protect.

What was the aim of the Schuman Plan of 1950?

It suggested that France, West Germany and other countries should share control of their coal and steel industries. This would make it harder for them to go to war with each other again.

What was the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC)?

It was a group formed in 1951 by six countries to run their coal and steel industries together. It was an early step towards a more united Europe.

What did the Treaty of Rome set up in 1957?

It created the European Economic Community (EEC), or Common Market. Its aim was to make trade between member countries easier by cutting tariffs.

How did post-war rebuilding affect the need for workers in Britain?

Britain had a shortage of workers after the war. The government looked for extra labour, including from Europe and from the former empire, to help rebuild.

How did early European cooperation begin to change links between people in Europe?

It brought governments closer and increased trade and travel between countries. These links laid the groundwork for later migration and closer European ties.

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