Indigenous Contact and Conflict Flashcards

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Note: We may include questions that have multiple correct answers. It's useful to remember specific examples to understand these concepts better.

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Who were the Indigenous people living near the Jamestown colony?

The Powhatan people, a group of tribes led by Chief Powhatan, lived in the area around Jamestown.

What did the English settlers first trade with the Powhatan people?

They swapped metal tools, beads and other goods for food and local knowledge.

Why were the Powhatan people willing to trade with the English at first?

They hoped to gain useful goods and to control the strange new arrivals in their land.

Why did relations between Jamestown settlers and the Powhatan people get worse over time?

The English demanded more food, took more land for farms and sometimes used force, which angered the Powhatan people.

What was the "starving time" of 1609–10 and how did it affect contact with Indigenous people?

During the starving time many settlers ran out of food. Some raided Powhatan villages, which led to more fear and violence on both sides.

Who was Pocahontas and how did she help relations between the English and Powhatan people?

Pocahontas was Chief Powhatan's daughter. Her marriage to the English settler John Rolfe in 1614 helped bring a short period of peace.

What are historians referring to when they talk about the Anglo-Powhatan Wars?

They mean a series of fights between English settlers and Powhatan people in Virginia, starting around 1609 and lasting on and off for many years.

What happened in the 1622 attack led by Opechancanough?

Powhatan warriors launched a surprise attack on English farms and towns, killing hundreds of settlers.

How did the growth of tobacco farming change conflict with Indigenous people?

Tobacco farms needed lots of land, so settlers pushed into Powhatan hunting grounds. This caused more clashes and drove Indigenous people from their homes.

Name one long-term effect of English settlement on Indigenous peoples in Virginia.

Indigenous communities lost land, many died from new diseases, and their power in the region was greatly reduced.

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