Consequences of the Boer War Flashcards

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What happened to the Boer republics of the Transvaal and Orange Free State after the Boer War (1899–1902)?

They were taken over by Britain and became British colonies. In 1910 they were joined with Cape Colony and Natal to form the Union of South Africa.

What was the Union of South Africa, created in 1910, and who mainly controlled it?

It was a new self-governing country inside the British Empire. Its government was run mainly by white settlers, both Boers and British, while black Africans had very few rights.

How did the Boer War affect black Africans living in South Africa?

Many black Africans lost land and were pushed into poor reserves or onto white-owned farms. Laws and customs after the war increased segregation and helped lay the basis for later apartheid.

What were concentration camps in the Boer War, and why did they damage Britain’s reputation?

They were camps where Boer civilians and black Africans were held in crowded, dirty conditions. Many thousands died, and reports of this made other countries and many people in Britain see the empire as cruel.

What did the Boer War reveal about the health of many British army recruits?

The war showed that a large number of men who tried to join the army were too unhealthy to serve. This was often because of poor diet, bad housing and disease in British cities.

What was meant by the call for ‘national efficiency’ after the Boer War?

People said Britain needed a fitter, better-educated population to defend the empire and compete with other powers. They argued the government should do more to improve health, housing and education.

Name one social reform in Britain that was linked to worries raised by the Boer War.

The Liberal government brought in reforms such as free school meals and medical checks for children. These aimed to make future citizens and soldiers healthier.

How did the cost of the Boer War change views about the British Empire?

The war cost Britain a lot of money and lives. This made some people question whether expanding the empire was worth the price and argue for focusing on ruling existing colonies instead.

How did the Boer War affect support for the empire inside Britain?

Some people stayed strongly pro-empire and proud of victory. But others, shocked by the camps and the high cost, became more critical of empire and joined anti-war or anti-imperial groups.

How did the Boer War affect Britain’s relations with self-governing colonies like Canada and Australia?

Troops from these colonies fought for Britain, which showed loyalty to the empire. At the same time, it strengthened their sense of being separate nations that should have more say in imperial decisions.

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