The Scramble for Africa Flashcards

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What do historians mean by 'The Scramble for Africa'?

It was a period from about 1880 to 1900 when European countries quickly took control of most of Africa.

By about 1900 most of Africa was under European rule, but Ethiopia and Liberia stayed independent.

Britain, France and Germany all took part, along with others such as Belgium and Portugal.

Imperialism is when a powerful country takes control of other lands and rules them as part of its empire.

European countries wanted Africa's raw materials, like rubber and minerals, and new markets to sell their goods.

It was a meeting in Berlin where European leaders agreed rules for taking colonies in Africa.

They wanted to avoid fighting each other and to set clear rules for claiming African land.

It is called a scramble because European countries rushed to grab land very quickly, often without planning.

African peoples were forced under foreign rule, had to obey new laws, and often had their land and labour taken.

European powers drew new borders on maps that cut across ethnic groups and ignored existing African kingdoms.

It made the British Empire much larger, as Britain gained many new African colonies by 1900.

Some claimed white people were superior and said they had a duty to 'civilise' Africa, which was a racist belief.