Justifying Empire in the 1800s–1900: Imperialism, Social Darwinism and the “Civilising Mission” Flashcards

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What is imperialism?

Imperialism is when a powerful country takes control of other lands and peoples to build an empire.

They wanted more land, power and trade, and they wanted to keep up with other European empires.

Social Darwinism was a wrong idea that claimed some races and nations were naturally stronger and fitter than others.

It made some people think British rule was natural and right because they saw Britons as the ‘fittest’ race.

It was the belief that Britain had a duty to spread its religion, laws and culture to ‘improve’ other parts of the world.

Missionaries said empire helped them spread Christianity and ‘save’ people’s souls.

They often called them ‘backward’ or ‘uncivilised’, so ruling them seemed kind and helpful.

Ideas about white racial superiority were used to excuse unequal laws, harsh rule and violence in the empire.

They showed empire as exciting and heroic and often hid the cruelty and exploitation.

Economic gain, cheap raw materials, new markets and military power were often the real aims.