What Migration Meant in Different Centuries Flashcards

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In history, what does the word migration mean?

Migration means people moving from one place to another to live there for a long time or for good.

In the period c790–1066, what did migration to Britain often mean?

It often meant invasion and conquest, with warrior groups like the Vikings and later the Normans coming to raid, settle and take land.

In the Middle Ages (1100s–1400s), what did migration to England often mean for foreign craftsmen and traders?

It often meant small groups of skilled people, like Flemish weavers or Italian merchants, being invited to towns to help the economy and bring new skills.

In the 1500s and 1600s, what did migration to Britain often mean for religious refugees such as the Huguenots?

It meant seeking safety from persecution abroad and settling in British towns, where they could worship more freely and use their skills in crafts and trade.

In the 1600s and 1700s, what did migration within the growing British Empire often mean for enslaved Africans?

It meant forced migration, as millions were captured, shipped across the Atlantic with no choice, and forced to work on plantations.

In the 1700s and early 1800s, what did migration from Britain to places like North America and Australia often mean?

It often meant settlers and convicts being sent overseas to build new colonies, take land and spread British laws, language and customs.

In the 1800s, what did migration within the British Isles and to cities often mean for ordinary people?

It meant large numbers of people, such as Irish migrants and rural workers, moving to industrial towns to find work in factories, mines and docks.

In the mid and late 1900s, what did migration from the Caribbean, South Asia and Africa to Britain often mean?

It meant people from the Commonwealth coming to Britain as workers and citizens, helping to rebuild after the wars and creating new multi-ethnic communities.

In the late 1900s and 2000s, what did migration to and from Britain often mean for many people?

It often meant moving for work, study or family reasons in a more linked world, with people having mixed identities and ties to more than one country.

Across the whole period c790 to the present, how has the main meaning of migration to Britain changed?

It has changed from mainly invasion and conquest in the early centuries, to empire building, trade and slavery, and then to work, study and refuge in a modern, global and multicultural society.

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