New Diseases and Medical Treatments Since 1900 Flashcards

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Note: We may include questions that have multiple correct answers. It's useful to remember specific examples to understand these concepts better.

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What was the Spanish flu pandemic of 1918–19?

It was a worldwide outbreak of a very deadly flu virus just after the First World War. It killed millions of people, including many young adults.

When was HIV/AIDS first recognised as a new disease, and how is it spread?

HIV/AIDS was first recognised in the early 1980s. It spreads through blood, sexual contact, and from mother to baby during birth or breastfeeding.

What is a lifestyle disease?

A lifestyle disease is an illness linked to the way people live. Examples include lung cancer, heart disease and type 2 diabetes, often linked to smoking, poor diet or lack of exercise.

Why did lung cancer become more common in the 1900s?

Lung cancer became more common because many more people smoked cigarettes. Air pollution from cars and factories also increased the risk.

What is the aim of mass vaccination programmes in modern Britain?

Their aim is to protect large numbers of people from serious diseases. Vaccines against illnesses like polio, measles and diphtheria have cut deaths and stopped big outbreaks.

What is DNA, and when was its structure discovered?

DNA is the chemical in our cells that carries genetic information. Its double-helix structure was discovered in 1953 by James Watson and Francis Crick, using Rosalind Franklin’s X‑ray images.

What was the Human Genome Project?

It was an international project from 1990 to 2003 that mapped all the genes in human DNA. This helps doctors find genes that cause diseases and develop new treatments.

What is organ transplant surgery?

It is an operation where a damaged organ is removed and replaced with a healthy organ from a donor. Since the mid-1900s, doctors have transplanted kidneys, hearts, livers and other organs.

What is keyhole surgery?

Keyhole surgery uses tiny cuts, a camera and small tools to operate inside the body. It causes less pain, less blood loss and quicker recovery than traditional open surgery.

How do radiotherapy and chemotherapy treat cancer?

Radiotherapy uses high-energy radiation to destroy cancer cells in a specific area. Chemotherapy uses strong drugs that travel through the body to kill cancer cells or stop them growing.