Jewish Migration and Responses in Britain Flashcards

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From which area did most Jewish migrants to Britain come in the late 1800s?

Most came from the Russian Empire and Eastern Europe, such as Poland and Lithuania.

What is a pogrom?

A pogrom is a violent attack on Jewish people and their homes, often allowed by the rulers.

How did pogroms in the Russian Empire affect Jewish migration to Britain?

Pogroms made Jewish people fear for their lives and safety, so many fled and chose Britain as a safer place to live.

Give two reasons why many Jews left the Russian Empire in the late 1800s.

They faced harsh persecution and strict laws. Many also lived in deep poverty with few chances to improve their lives.

Give two reasons why Britain seemed attractive to Jewish migrants.

Britain offered more religious freedom and safety from violent attacks. There were also chances to find work and join Jewish communities that were already there.

How did steamships and railways help Jewish migration to Britain?

Railways took Jewish migrants to ports like Hamburg. Steamships then gave cheaper and faster journeys to Britain.

Where in Britain did many Jewish migrants settle?

Many settled in the East End of London, but also in cities such as Manchester and Leeds.

What kinds of jobs did many Jewish migrants do in Britain?

Many worked in clothing and shoe workshops, did small trades, or ran market stalls and small shops.

What were working and living conditions like for many Jewish migrants in the East End?

They often lived in crowded, poor housing and worked long hours in tiny workshops with very low pay, called 'sweated' work.

How did Jewish charities help new migrants in Britain?

Jewish charities gave food and money, helped people find housing and jobs, and offered simple English lessons.

Why did some British people turn against Jewish migrants by the early 1900s?

Some feared that migrants took jobs, caused overcrowding and spread disease. Some newspapers used anti-Jewish stories to stir up anger.

What was the purpose of the Aliens Act 1905?

It was the first modern immigration law in Britain. It let officials stop 'undesirable' migrants, many of them poor Eastern European Jews, from entering the country.

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