The Invasion of Ireland and the Growth of English Influence Flashcards

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Why did Diarmait (Dermot) MacMurrough, king of Leinster, ask Henry II for help in the 1160s?

Diarmait was driven out of Leinster by the High King of Ireland. He asked Henry II for help so he could win back his kingdom.

How did Henry II first support Diarmait MacMurrough's attempt to return to Ireland?

Henry did not invade Ireland himself at first. He gave Diarmait permission to recruit Norman and Welsh knights to fight for him.

Who led the first Norman force that invaded Ireland in 1169 and where did they land?

The first force was led by Robert FitzStephen. His men landed near Wexford in the south-east of Ireland.

Who was Strongbow and why was he important in the invasion of Ireland?

Strongbow was Richard de Clare, the Earl of Pembroke. He led a larger Norman army in 1170, captured Waterford and Dublin, and married Diarmait's daughter Aoife.

Why did Henry II decide to invade Ireland himself in 1171?

Henry feared that Strongbow might set up an independent kingdom in Ireland. He also wanted to take direct control and use the Pope's support to reform the Irish Church.

What happened when Henry II arrived in Ireland in 1171?

Many Norman lords and Irish kings submitted to Henry and did homage. Henry took direct control of Dublin, Wexford and Waterford for the English Crown.

What was the Synod of Cashel in 1172?

It was a church meeting held under Henry's control. It brought the Irish Church more into line with English and Roman customs, which helped to justify Henry's rule.

What did the Treaty of Windsor in 1175 agree between Henry II and High King Ruaidri Ua Conchobair?

Ruaidri accepted Henry as his overlord and paid him money called tribute. In return, Ruaidri could rule most of Ireland, while Henry kept control of Norman-held lands and key towns.

What new title did Henry II give his son John in 1177, and why was it important?

Henry made his son John the Lord of Ireland. This showed that Ireland was now treated as a possession of the English Crown.

How did Norman settlement change land ownership in parts of Ireland after the invasion?

Norman knights were granted large estates and brought in the feudal system. Many built stone castles and took land from some Irish lords, while others made deals with them.

How did English influence grow in Irish towns after the invasion?

Normans rebuilt or founded towns like Dublin, Waterford and Wexford with walls and markets. English law, language and trading customs became stronger in these areas.

How did the invasion of Ireland lead to migration from England and Wales?

Soldiers, knights, merchants and churchmen crossed the Irish Sea to settle in Ireland. They married into local families and helped to spread Norman and English culture and power.

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