Why Reform Became Urgent by the Early 1800s Flashcards

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Before 1832, who was allowed to vote in most Parliamentary elections?

Only a small number of rich men who owned enough property could vote. Most working men and all women had no say.

A rotten borough was a tiny area that still sent MPs to Parliament. It often had very few voters, so one person could control it.

A pocket borough was a seat in Parliament controlled by one rich landowner. He could almost choose the MP himself.

Fast-growing towns like Manchester and Birmingham had no MPs. Their large populations paid taxes but had no direct voice in Parliament.

The Industrial Revolution created big towns and new factory owners. These groups wanted MPs who spoke for their interests.

Many people moved from villages to towns. Parliament seats did not move with them, so representation no longer matched where people lived.

Voting was public, so rich people could bribe or threaten voters. This made the system seem dishonest and unfair.

The French Revolution spread ideas about rights and representation. British rulers feared a similar uprising if they ignored calls for change.

Merchants and factory owners paid high taxes and created jobs. They felt it was unfair that landowning nobles held most political power.

After 1815 there was unemployment and high food prices. Hardship and unrest made leaders worry that only reform could prevent revolt.