Causes and Key Events of the Hundred Years’ War Flashcards

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What was the Hundred Years’ War and when did it take place?

It was a long series of wars between England and France, fought from 1337 to 1453.

Why did Edward III of England claim the French throne in the 1330s?

The French king Charles IV died without a son. Edward III was his grandson through his mother, so he said he should be king of France.

How did English lands in France help cause the Hundred Years’ War?

English kings owned large areas in France, such as Gascony. They had to do homage (promise loyalty) to the French king for them, which they hated. Disputes over these lands helped lead to war.

How did the wool trade with Flanders help cause the Hundred Years’ War?

Towns in Flanders made cloth and needed English wool. They were ruled by the French king, so England and France both tried to control them, which increased tension.

What happened at the Battle of Crécy in 1346?

Edward III’s English army, using longbow archers, defeated a larger French force of knights near the town of Crécy.

Why was the capture of Calais in 1347 important for England?

After a long siege (surrounding the town), England took the port of Calais. It gave England a strong base in France and control over trade across the Channel.

What happened at the Battle of Poitiers in 1356?

The English, led by Edward the Black Prince, beat the French again and captured the French king, John II, which badly weakened France.

What was agreed in the Treaty of Brétigny in 1360?

England and France made peace. Edward III gave up his claim to the French throne, but he kept a larger area of land in south‑west France, including Gascony.

What was the Battle of Agincourt in 1415?

King Henry V’s small, tired English army defeated a much larger French force. Muddy ground and English longbows helped destroy the French knights.

Why was the Treaty of Troyes in 1420 a turning point in the war?

The French king agreed that Henry V would be heir (next in line) to the French throne and rule as regent (ruling in the king’s place). Henry also married the king’s daughter, Catherine.

How did Joan of Arc help change the course of the Hundred Years’ War?

In 1429 Joan of Arc inspired French troops and helped lift the siege of Orléans. This victory boosted French confidence and led to more French successes.

How and when did the Hundred Years’ War end?

In 1453 French forces defeated the English at the Battle of Castillon and drove them out of almost all their French lands, leaving England only Calais.

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