Expectation and Perception: Bruner and Minturn Flashcards

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What was the aim of Bruner and Minturn's study?

To test if expectation changes how we see an unclear figure.

Being ready to see something in a certain way because of past experience or expectations.

A shape that could be seen as the letter B or the number 13.

A row of letters (A ? C) or a row of numbers (12 ? 14).

The type of context shown: letters or numbers.

Whether people said the figure was a B or a 13.

People were more likely to say the figure was a B.

People were more likely to say the figure was 13.

Expectation guides perception; context can change what we see.

Top-down processing, where what we expect shapes what we see.

It was well controlled, so the effect of expectation was clear.

It used an artificial task, so it may not reflect everyday seeing.