Jewish Sources of Authority Flashcards

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Note: We may include questions that have multiple correct answers. It's useful to remember specific examples to understand these concepts better.

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What is the Tenakh and what are its three parts?

It is the Jewish Bible. It has Torah (Law), Nevi'im (Prophets), and Ketuvim (Writings).

What is the Torah, and why is it the main source of authority in Judaism?

The Torah is the first five books of Moses. Jews see it as God’s law given at Sinai, so it has the highest authority.

What is meant by the Oral Torah?

Teachings passed on by word of mouth alongside the written Torah. They were later written in the Mishnah and explained in the Talmud.

What is the Talmud, and what are its two main parts?

A collection of Jewish law and debate. It has the Mishnah (laws) and the Gemara (discussion).

What is Halakhah?

Jewish law and way of life. It comes from the Torah, Talmud, and later rabbinic rulings.

What is a rabbi’s role as a source of authority?

Rabbis interpret texts and law. They teach the community and give rulings for daily life.

What is a Beth Din and what does it decide?

A Jewish religious court. It uses Halakhah to rule on matters like marriage, divorce, conversion, and disputes.

How do Orthodox and Reform Jews differ in their view of the Torah and Talmud?

Orthodox Jews see them as divine and binding. Reform Jews see them as inspired and open to change.

What are commentaries and Midrash used for?

They explain Bible verses and help apply them. Many Jews study Rashi and other teachers.

What is meant by minhag, and does it have authority?

Minhag means custom. Local or family customs can guide practice and may become binding in that group.

What are legal codes like the Mishneh Torah or Shulchan Aruch?

Books that organise Jewish law, based on the Talmud, to guide practice.

In what order might a Jew look for guidance on a new issue?

First the Torah, then the Talmud, then legal codes, and then a rabbi’s ruling.