Crime and Ethnicity Flashcards

1️⃣ Familiarise yourself with the flashcards:

  • Look through all the flashcards to see what's on both sides.
  • Make sure you understand the information on each card. If something's unclear, click the link to the revision notes at the bottom of the page for more details.

2️⃣ Test yourself:

  • Look at the question or prompt on each card and try to remember the answer before flipping it over.
  • Check the answer and make a note of any cards you find challenging and need to go over more.

3️⃣ Consistently Review and Practice:

  • Use spaced repetition: spend more time on the cards you struggle with and go over them more often.
  • Regularly review all the flashcards to help you better understand and retain the information over time.

Note: We may include questions that have multiple correct answers. It's useful to remember specific examples to understand these concepts better.

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What does ethnicity mean in sociology?

A shared culture or identity, such as language, religion, and history.

What do UK crime statistics often show about ethnicity and crime?

That some minority ethnic groups appear more often in stops, arrests, and prison than their share of the population.

What is stop and search, and how is it linked to ethnicity?

It lets police stop and search people. Minority ethnic people are more likely to be stopped.

What is institutional racism?

When routine rules and practices cause unfair outcomes for minority ethnic groups, even without open prejudice.

What did the Macpherson Report (1999) say about the police?

It said the Metropolitan Police was institutionally racist after the Stephen Lawrence case.

How can labelling lead to higher recorded crime for some ethnic groups?

Stereotypes lead to more suspicion, stops, and arrests, which raises recorded crime for those groups.

What do self-report studies often find about ethnicity and offending?

They often find similar rates of minor offending across groups, so gaps in official data may be smaller.

How do left realists explain higher crime in some minority ethnic groups?

They point to relative deprivation, feeling pushed out, and subcultures in poor areas that can lead some to offend.

What is a hate crime?

A crime driven by prejudice, such as racism. Minority ethnic people face higher risk of racist hate crimes.

What did Hall et al. argue about the ‘black mugger’ in the 1970s?

That the media helped create a moral panic blaming Black youths, to justify tougher policing and distract from wider problems.

Why might police stop more minority ethnic people in some areas without personal bias?

Police patrol high-crime inner-city areas more, where more minority ethnic people live or travel, so more stops happen there.

What is a racist incident, as defined after the Macpherson Report?

Any incident seen as racist by the victim or any other person.

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