Cultural Deprivation and Achievement Flashcards

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Note: We may include questions that have multiple correct answers. It's useful to remember specific examples to understand these concepts better.

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What is cultural deprivation in education?

Not having the values, skills and knowledge that schools expect. It comes from home upbringing.

How can early language skills affect school achievement?

A small vocabulary and unclear speech make learning harder. It affects reading, writing and exams.

What is the restricted code, according to Bernstein?

Short, simple speech that relies on shared context. It often uses slang.

What is the elaborated code, according to Bernstein?

Clear, detailed speech that explains ideas. It uses full sentences and precise words.

Why can using the restricted code disadvantage some pupils in school?

Schools use elaborated code in lessons and exams. Pupils used to restricted code may struggle.

What four working-class values did Sugarman link to lower achievement?

Fatalism, collectivism, immediate gratification and present-time orientation.

What does fatalism mean in Sugarman’s theory?

Thinking your future cannot change. So you do not plan to improve it.

What is present-time orientation?

Focusing on the present, not the future. Long-term goals seem less important.

What is immediate versus deferred gratification?

Immediate means wanting rewards now. Deferred means waiting and working for later rewards.

How can parental attitudes to education affect a child’s achievement?

Parents who value school set routines and help with work. This support boosts progress.

How can reading and talking at home help achievement?

It builds vocabulary and understanding. This helps pupils take part in class and exams.

What is one criticism of cultural deprivation theory?

It blames families. Critics like Keddie say working-class culture is different, not deprived.