Experiments Flashcards

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What is an experiment in sociology?

A study where a researcher changes one factor to see how it affects another, while keeping other things the same.

What is the independent variable in an experiment?

The factor the researcher changes on purpose.

What is the dependent variable in an experiment?

The outcome the researcher measures to see the effect.

What is an experimental group?

The group that gets the change or treatment.

What is a control group?

The group that does not get the change, used to compare results.

What is a laboratory experiment?

An experiment done in a lab, where the researcher can control the conditions.

What is a field experiment?

An experiment done in a real-life setting, like a school or a street.

What is a natural experiment?

A study where a change happens by itself, and the researcher measures the effects without changing anything.

Why do sociologists use experiments?

To test cause and effect by seeing if a change in one factor makes a change in another.

What is the Hawthorne effect?

When people change how they act because they know they are being studied.

Why are laboratory experiments often high in reliability?

They use the same steps and controls, so others can repeat the study and get similar results.

Name one ethical issue that can arise in experiments.

Deception, for example not telling people the full truth about the study.