Methods in Crime and Deviance Flashcards

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What is the “dark figure” of crime?

Crimes that are not reported to police or not recorded.

What is a victim survey used for in crime research?

To ask people about crimes they have suffered, even if not reported.

What is a self-report study in crime and deviance?

A survey where people admit offences or deviant acts they have done.

Give one strength of using official police statistics to study crime.

They are quick to access.

Give one weakness of police recorded crime data.

Not all crimes are recorded, so the data can undercount crime.

Why might researchers use snowball sampling to study gangs or drug users?

These groups are hidden, so one contact can introduce the next.

What is participant observation in crime research?

The researcher observes, and may join, a group to see behaviour first hand.

Why are experiments rare in crime research?

It is unethical and unlawful to create or encourage crime.

Why is confidentiality vital when researching illegal behaviour?

It protects identities and reduces risk of harm or arrest.

What does triangulation mean in crime research?

Using more than one method, like statistics and surveys, to check findings.

Why is it hard to get a representative sample of offenders?

Many offenders are hidden or refuse, so samples may be biased.

Name one risk of covert observation of criminal groups.

The researcher could face danger.