Observations Flashcards

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Note: We may include questions that have multiple correct answers. It's useful to remember specific examples to understand these concepts better.

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What is observation in sociology?

Watching people and recording what they do to get data.

How do participant and non-participant observation differ?

Participant: the researcher joins the group. Non-participant: they watch from outside.

What is overt observation?

People know they are being observed and have given consent.

What is covert observation?

The researcher hides their role. People do not know they are being observed.

What is structured observation?

Using a checklist or codes to count behaviour in a set way.

What is unstructured observation?

Making open, detailed notes with no fixed checklist.

What is the observer effect?

People change their behaviour because they know they are being watched.

Give one strength of participant observation.

It gives rich, valid data about daily life.

Give one weakness of covert observation.

It is unethical because there is no informed consent.

How can researchers improve reliability in observations?

Use clear categories, train observers, and use more than one observer to compare results.

What does 'going native' mean in participant observation?

The researcher becomes too involved and loses objectivity.

Why might observations not be representative?

They use small groups and take time, so findings may not apply to many people.