Defects of the Eye Flashcards

1️⃣ Familiarise yourself with the flashcards:

  • Look through all the flashcards to see what's on both sides.
  • Make sure you understand the information on each card. If something's unclear, click the link to the revision notes at the bottom of the page for more details.

2️⃣ Test yourself:

  • Look at the question or prompt on each card and try to remember the answer before flipping it over.
  • Check the answer and make a note of any cards you find challenging and need to go over more.

3️⃣ Consistently Review and Practice:

  • Use spaced repetition: spend more time on the cards you struggle with and go over them more often.
  • Regularly review all the flashcards to help you better understand and retain the information over time.

Note: We may include questions that have multiple correct answers. It's useful to remember specific examples to understand these concepts better.

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What is meant by a defect of the eye?

It is when the eye does not focus light on the retina clearly, so vision is blurred.

In myopia (short-sightedness), which objects look blurry and where does light focus?

Distant objects look blurry. Light focuses in front of the retina.

Give two common causes of myopia.

The eyeball is too long, or the cornea/lens is too curved (too powerful).

In hyperopia (long-sightedness), which objects look blurry and where does light focus?

Near objects look blurry. Light focuses behind the retina.

Give two common causes of hyperopia.

The eyeball is too short, or the cornea/lens is too flat (not powerful enough).

What is presbyopia and what causes it?

Age‑related long‑sightedness. The lens becomes less elastic and cannot thicken to focus on near objects.

What is colour blindness?

A condition where some colours cannot be told apart because cone cells in the retina are faulty or missing.

Which type of colour blindness is most common and why is it more common in males?

Red–green is most common. The gene is on the X chromosome, so males are more likely to be affected.

What are cataracts and how do they affect vision?

Clouding of the lens that stops light passing through clearly, making vision blurred or misty.

How do cataracts change the path of light into the eye?

The cloudy lens scatters and blocks light, so the image does not form sharply on the retina.

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