Factors Affecting Decomposition in Composting Flashcards

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What is the role of decomposers in a compost heap?

Bacteria and fungi break down dead plant material into simpler substances to make compost.

How does temperature affect the rate of decomposition in composting?

Warm conditions speed it up because enzymes work faster. Very cold slows it, and very hot can kill the microbes.

Why do compost heaps need oxygen?

Microbes respire using oxygen. This lets them release energy and break down waste quickly.

How does turning a compost heap help decomposition?

Turning adds air, so microbes get more oxygen and work faster.

Why is moisture important for composting?

Moist conditions help microbes grow and their enzymes work. Too dry slows decay; waterlogged heaps lose oxygen.

How does cutting or shredding waste affect composting?

Smaller pieces have a larger surface area for microbes. This makes decomposition faster.

Why is mixing “green” and “brown” materials useful in composting?

Greens add nitrogen and browns add carbon. A balance feeds microbes well and speeds decay.

How does pH affect decomposition in compost?

Most microbes work best near neutral pH. Very acidic or alkaline conditions slow them down.

How do detritivores such as earthworms help a compost heap?

They chew and mix the waste, increasing surface area and air. This speeds up decay.

What happens if a compost heap becomes compacted or waterlogged?

There is less oxygen, so decay slows and bad smells can form from anaerobic conditions.