Mutualism Flashcards

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Note: We may include questions that have multiple correct answers. It's useful to remember specific examples to understand these concepts better.

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What is mutualism?

A close relationship between two species where both benefit.

How is mutualism different from parasitism?

In mutualism both species benefit. In parasitism one benefits and the other is harmed.

How do bees and flowering plants both benefit in mutualism?

Bees get nectar and pollen for food. Plants get pollinated so they can make seeds.

How do cleaner fish and large fish both benefit?

Cleaner fish eat parasites and dead skin for food. Large fish have fewer parasites and stay healthier.

How do oxpeckers and large mammals both benefit?

Oxpeckers eat ticks and flies from the mammals. The mammals lose parasites and irritation.

What do legume plants and nitrogen-fixing bacteria each gain?

Bacteria get sugars and shelter in root nodules. The plant gets fixed nitrogen to make proteins.

How is the human gut an example of mutualism?

Gut bacteria get food and a warm, safe place. We get vitamins, like vitamin K, and help to digest some food.

What is a lichen and how is it mutualistic?

It is a fungus and algae living together. The algae make sugars. The fungus gives water, minerals, and protection.

Why is mutualism important for ecosystems?

It helps species survive and reproduce. This supports stable populations and biodiversity.

What can happen if one partner in a mutualistic pair declines?

The other may also fall in number, because it loses food or services it depends on.